How does a compressor affect an audio signal?

A compressor is a crucial audio processing tool that primarily serves to manage the dynamic range of an audio signal. The dynamic range refers to the difference between the loudest and quietest parts of a sound. When a compressor is applied to an audio signal, it works by automatically lowering the volume of the loudest parts of the audio and raising the volume of the quieter parts. This results in a more balanced sound where extremes are controlled, making the mix sound fuller and more polished.

By lowering the volume of loud peaks, the compressor prevents distortion that can occur when signals exceed a certain threshold. Simultaneously, by raising the volume of quieter sections, it ensures that nuances and subtle sounds are more audible. The end result of this process is a reduced dynamic range, which allows for a more consistent and clear audio experience, especially in environments where playback systems might not handle wide dynamics well, such as in broadcasting or live sound settings.

Differentiating it from other choices, a compressor does not affect the dynamic range positively by boosting it or convert signal types, nor does it add reverb effects, which are entirely different audio processing functions.