What signifies a short circuit in electrical terms?

A short circuit in electrical terms is characterized by an unintended low-resistance connection that allows current to flow along an unintended path. This can lead to excessive current flowing through the circuit, which may cause overheating, equipment damage, or even fires. This condition typically occurs when two points in a circuit that should not be connected are inadvertently joined, resulting in a lower resistance path than the intended circuit.

The other options describe scenarios that do not align with the definition of a short circuit. Proper grounding refers to a safe and intentional connection designed to redirect excess current safely into the earth. A circuit operating at full load means that it is functioning as intended within its designed parameters and is not indicative of a fault or short. Lastly, a safe connection between devices also implies that the connections are functioning correctly and are not creating unintended pathways for electrical current.